March 21st 13th century

Blessed John of Parma

MINISTER GENERAL OF THE FRANCISCANS (1289).

Minister General of the Franciscans

Feast
March 21st
Death
28 mars 1289 (naturelle)
Categories
religious , Franciscan , doctor , legate

A 13th-century Franciscan friar, John of Parma was elected Minister General of his order in 1247. A diplomat and theologian respected by kings and popes, he worked for regular discipline and reconciliation with the Eastern Church. He died in 1289 in Camerino after a life of apostolic journeys made on foot.

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BLESSED JOHN OF PARMA,

MINISTER GENERAL OF THE FRANCISCANS (1289).

Life 01 / 04

Origins and formation

John was born in Parma at the beginning of the 13th century and became a doctor before joining the Franciscan Order at the age of twenty-five.

This holy religious, who bears the name of the city where he was born, was born to illustrious parents in the first years of this 13th century, so fertile in great men and great works.

Possessing an excellent mind, he made such progress in his studies that, after having attained the rank of doctor, he was tasked with teaching logic in his native city. At the age of twenty-five, John decided to settle among the Francis cans, whose Franciscains Religious order claiming the saint's affiliation. modesty and piety had touched him. After completing his novitiate, he finished his studies at the Univers ity of Paris. Succe Université de Paris Academic institution restored by Urban V. ssively charged with the ministry of preaching in Bologna and Naples, he performed this dual function with such success that all who heard him were touched and enlightened. His doctrine equaled his facility of speech. He attended the Council of Lyon in 1245; after t he council was concile de Lyon Ecumenical council attended by John in 1245. held, he was called to Paris to teach at the University. He was the first Italian to occupy a public chair in that city.

Preaching 02 / 04

Teaching and preaching

After studies in Paris, he preached with success in Bologna and Naples, then became the first Italian to hold a chair at the University of Paris.

In 1247, his brothers elected him General by common accord. His first care was to visit all the convents subject to his jurisdiction, and to re-establish discipline there, which the weakness of his predecessor had rendered less severe. With this in view, he gathered several chapters. It was while he was holding the one at Sens that King Saint Louis, who was departing for the crusade, came to commend himself to his prayers. The good king gave, on this occasion, a proof of the esteem he professed for the servant of God: he went to di ne with the Fr Frères Mineurs Religious order claiming the saint's affiliation. iars Minor, and he took the last place a t the table Edouard III King of England and founder of the Order of the Garter. . Edward III, King of England, had no less consideration for John of Parma. The latter, having gone to greet him while he was visiting the convents of his kingdom, the monarch, informed of the holiness of the Franciscan, ran to meet him and embraced him tenderly.

Life 03 / 04

Generalate and reforms

Elected Minister General in 1247, he restored discipline in the convents and received the homage of the kings of France and England.

At that time, In nocent IV s Innocent IV 13th-century pope who testified to the saint's miracles. till occupied the Holy See; his affection for the Blessed had not wavered since the Council of Lyon. In 1249, the Greeks having manifested the desire to reunite with the Roman Church, this Pontiff believed he could choose no better legate than John to handle this delicate matter. His mission succeeded perfectly with Emperor John Du cas and the Patriar empereur Jean Ducas Byzantine emperor met during the legation. ch of Constantinople; but subordinates, bitter partisans of the schism, killed the ambassadors they had sent to the Pope. The matter ended there. Shortly after, a riot raised by the secular doctors of the University of Paris against the Dominicans had forced these religious to leave their chairs. John, fearing the same disgrace for the Friars Minor, rushed to Paris and had the good fortune, through his gentleness as much as his eloquence, to ward off the blow. In 1254, he resigned from the generalate in favor of Saint Bonaventure. He liv ed for another th saint Bonaventure Doctor of the Church cited in the epigraph. irty years, which he spent in solitude. Toward the end of his life, his zeal for the good of religion led him to beg Pope Nicholas IV to entrust him with a ne Nicolas IV Childhood friend of Conrad, Minister General of the Franciscans, and later pope. w mission in the East, to cement peace between the Latins and the Greeks, but the Lord was satisfied with his good will. He died on the way, in Camerino, on March 28, 1289. There ar Camerino Place where Bernard pronounced his religious vows. e few Saints who have traveled as much as Blessed John of Parma; he always walked on foot, and even refused a mount to go to Constantinople. Pius VI beatified him in 1781.

Mission 04 / 04

Diplomatic Missions and Retirement

As a papal legate to the Greeks, he resigned in 1254 in favor of Saint Bonaventure and spent the rest of his life in solitude and itinerancy.

At that time, Innocent IV still occupied the Holy See; his affection for the Blessed had not wavered since the Council of Lyon. In 1249, the Greeks having expressed a desire to reunite with the Roman Church, this Pontiff believed he could choose no better legate than John to handle this delicate matter. His mission was perfectly successful with Emperor John Ducas and the Patriarch of Constantinople; however, subordinates, staunch partisans of the schism, killed the ambassadors they had sent to the Pope. The matter ended there. Shortly after, a riot stirred up by the secular doctors of the University of Paris against the Dominicans had forced these religious to leave their chairs. John, fearing the same disgrace for the Friars Minor, rushed to Paris and had the good fortune, through his gentleness as much as his eloquence, to avert the blow. In 1254, he resigned from the generalate in favor of Saint Bonaventure. He lived for another thirty years, which he spent in solitude. Toward the end of his life, his zeal for the good of religion led him to beg Pope Nicholas IV to entrust him with a new mission in the East, to cement peace between the Latins and the Greeks, but the Lord was satisfied with his good will. He died on the way, in Camerino, on March 28, 1289. Few Saints have traveled as much as Blessed John of Parma; he always walked on foot, and even refused a mount to travel to Constantinople. Pius VI beatified him in 1781.

Official source Les Petits Bollandistes, by Mgr Paul GUÉRIN, chamberlain to His Holiness Pius IX.

Annexes & related entities

Structured data for exploration: events, miracles, quotes, places, attributes, patronages, and important entities cited in the text.

Key Events

  1. Entered the Franciscans at the age of 25
  2. Participation in the Council of Lyon in 1245
  3. Election as Minister General of the Order in 1247
  4. Legation to Constantinople in 1249 for the reunion of the Churches
  5. Resignation from the generalate in favor of Saint Bonaventure in 1254
  6. Beatification by Pius VI in 1781

Important entities

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