A twelve-year-old apprentice tanner in Norwich, William was abducted and crucified in 1137 in mockery of the Passion of Christ. His body, found hanging from a tree, was transferred to the city's cathedral where numerous miracles were reported. His cult, though linked to controversial historical accusations, is observed on March 24.
Guided reading
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SAINT WILLIAM OF NORWICH, MARTYR IN ENGLAND (1137).
The martyrdom of William
At the age of twelve, William, an apprentice tanner in Norwich, was abducted and crucified in mockery of the Passion of Christ in 1137.
This Saint was also the victim of the implacable hatred of the Jews against our holy religion. He suffered in the twelfth year of his age: he had recently been an apprentice to a tanner in Norwich Norwich City in England where the saint lived and was martyred. .
The Jews lured him to their home some time before the feast of Easter in the year 1137; when they had him in their power, they put a gag in his mouth, then, after subjecting him to a thousand outrages, they crucified him and pierced his side, in mockery of the death of Jesus Christ. On Easter day, they tied his body in a sack and carried it near the city gates, with the intention of burning it there; but having been surprised, they left it hanging from a tree. A chapel known as Saint-William-in-the-Wood was built on the spot where he had been found.
Translation and cult
The body of the saint, associated with miracles, was transferred to the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Norwich in 1144, then placed in the choir in 1150.
The body of the Saint, which had been glorified by miracles, was carried, in 1144, into the cemetery of the cathedral church, dedicated to the Holy église cathédrale, dédiée à la Sainte-Trinité Final resting place and site of veneration for the saint's relics. Trinity; six years later, it was placed in the choir of the same church.
Historical and critical parallels
The author mentions other similar cases of child martyrs in England while qualifying the collective responsibility of Jewish populations.
We learn from Mr. Weever that in former times the Jews of the principal cities of England would abduct male children to circumcise them, crown them with thorns, scourge them, and crucify them in mockery of Our Lord Jesus Christ. It was in this manner that Saint Richard of Pontoise died. Matthew saint Richard de Ponteise Child martyr cited as a similar example. Paris and Capgrave also report that Saint Hugh, a child, was saint Hugues Child martyr of Lincoln mentioned by Matthew Paris. crucified by the Jews at Lincoln in 1254. Some authors have claimed that these horrible cruelties had been practiced by this people at all times: but this is a calumny, and natural equity forbids holding the body of the nation responsible for the crimes of a few individuals. The name of Saint William of Norwich is marked on March 24 in the English calendars.
Theological justification of the martyrdom
Pope Benedict XIV explains the conditions for the canonization of children, distinguishing those who died in hatred of the faith, such as William of Norwich.
Pope Ben edict XIV Benoît XIV Pope who beatified Jerome Emiliani. shows, in book 1 of Canoniz. c. 14, p. 163, that one should not canonize children who die after baptism and before the age of reason, even though they are Saints. He bases this on: 1° the fact that they have not practiced virtues to the degree of heroism required for canonization; 2° the fact that such canonizations have never been in use in the Church. An exception is made for children, even those not baptized, who were massacred in hatred of the name of Jesus Christ. We have an example of this in the Holy Innocents, to whom Saint Irenaeus, Origen, etc., and the oldest Missals, give the title of martyrs, and whose cult dates back to the first centuries of the Church, as we see from the homilies of the Fathers on their feast day. It is for the same reason that the children massacred by the Jews in hatred of Jesus Christ, such as Saint Simon of Trent, Sai nt William of Norwich saint Simon de Trente Child martyr whose cult was confirmed by the papacy. , Saint Richard of Paris, etc., have been placed among the martyrs. The diocesan bishop granted the former a public cult with the status of martyr, and this cult was confirmed by the decrees of Popes Sixtus V and Gregory XIII. The latter, who was twelve years old, and consequently of the age of reason, should rather be called an adult than a child.
Documentary sources
Presentation of contemporary historical sources, notably the account by Thomas of Monmouth.
See the history of his martyrdom and miracles, by Thomas of Monmouth, a co Thomas de Monmouth Contemporary author and principal hagiographer of Saint William. ntemporary author; the Saecense chronicle, which is from the same century, and the history of Norfolk, by Bremfield.
Annexes & related entities
Structured data for exploration: events, miracles, quotes, places, attributes, patronages, and important entities cited in the text.
Key Events
- Apprentice to a tanner in Norwich
- Abduction by members of the local Jewish community before Easter 1137
- Crucifixion and piercing of the side in mockery of the Passion of Christ
- Discovery of the body hanging from a tree near the city gates
- Translation of the body to Norwich Cathedral in 1144
Miracles
- Glorification of the body through miracles after his death