Skip to main content Charlemagne Emperor of the Franks and uncle of Saint Folquin. 68 Diocletian Roman emperor under whom the martyrdom is said to have taken place. 52 Chlothar II King of Neustria and later sole King of the Franks, protector of Columbanus after his exile. 29 Charles Martel Mayor of the palace, possible ancestor of the saint. 29 Dagobert I King of the Franks petitioned by Sulpicius to annul a tax. 29 Clovis First king of the Franks to convert to Catholicism. 25 Childebert I King of the Franks who supported the saint. 25 Clovis I King of the Franks, mentioned to date the existence of the church. 24 Louis the Pious King of the Franks who made Aldric his advisor and commander of the palace. 22 Julian the Apostate Roman emperor and persecutor of Christians. 22 Pepin the Short King of the Franks whose accession to the throne was supported by Burchard. 22 Father Giry French hagiographer, author of the version of the narrative presented. 22 Chlothar I King of the Franks who supported the foundation of the monastery. 21 Clovis II King of the Franks under whom Aquilin served in the army. 21 Valerian Roman emperor under whom the martyrdom took place. 20 Abbé Destombes Author of the Life of the Saints of Cambrai and Arras. 20 Constantine the Great Roman emperor whose conversion ended Christian persecutions. 18 Guntram King of Burgundy who welcomed Columbanus upon his arrival in Gaul. 18 Baronius Cardinal and hagiographer who fixed the feast day on October 8. 17 Decius Roman emperor responsible for the persecution of Christians in 250. 16 Maximian Roman emperor associated with the persecutions. 16 Jean Mabillon Benedictine monk and historian, author of the Annales benedictinae. 16 Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, brother of Bruno of Cologne. 15 Marcus Aurelius Roman emperor marking the chronological limit of Hegesippus's work. 15 Aurelian Gallo-Roman nobleman and ambassador of Clovis. 15 Brunhilda Queen of Austrasia and Burgundy, principal political opponent of Columbanus. 14 Attila Leader of the Huns responsible for the destruction of Besançon. 14 Theuderic III King of the Franks who made donations to Saint Condedus. 14 Charles the Bald Emperor who confirmed the rights of the priory in the 9th century. 13 Ebroin Mayor of the palace responsible for the death of Saint Rambert. 12 Louis XIV King of France during the ministry of Olier. 12 Charles V Emperor involved in the wars leading to the destruction of the convent. 12 Constantius II Roman emperor who exiled Eusebius for his opposition to Arianism. 11 Alcuin Famous abbot under whom Aldric began his monastic life. 11 Robert the Pious King of France who ordered the reconstruction of the church of Saint-Aignan and the translation of the relics. 11 Frederick Barbarossa Emperor whose hand was requested for Rosana by an officer. 11 Henry IV King of France mentioned for the dating of the chapel. 11 Caesar Baronius Disciple of Philip, historian and cardinal, author of the Annales ecclesiastici. 11 Gregory of Tours Bishop of Tours, contemporary historian, and friend of Palladius. 11 Anne of Austria Queen of France who attended the missions of Jean Eudes. 11 Dom Lobineau Hagiographer and historian of Brittany. 11 Adrian Abbot sent to England to restore monastic discipline. 10 Nestorius Condemned patriarch to whom Maximian succeeded. 10 Trajan Roman emperor mentioned for his rescript to Pliny the Younger. 10 Louis XI King of France who enriched the reliquary of the Innocents in Paris. 10 Eusebius of Caesarea Church historian and primary source. 10 Philip I King of France whose funeral was attended by Humbaud. 10 Childebert II King of Austrasia, spiritual son and protector of the church of Verdun. 10 Adrien Baillet French hagiographer, author of the Vies des Saints. 10 Eutyches Heresiarch whose errors were condemned by the councils. 9 Theodoric the Great King of the Ostrogoths and ruler of the West during the time of Gelasius. 9 Pepin of Herstal Mayor of the palace of the kings of the Franks and protector of Saint Wiron. 9 Maximian Herculius Roman co-emperor, instigator of the persecution. 9 Nero Roman emperor under whom the martyrdom took place. 9 Sidonius Apollinaris Poet and contemporary who celebrated the basilica of Perpetuus. 9 Gallienus Roman emperor associated with the reign of Valerian. 9 John Successor of Alexander and predecessor of Marcellus. 9 Clotaire III King of the Franks who ordered the appointment of Erembert. 9 Theodosius II Eastern Roman Emperor, brother of Pulcheria. 9 Cardinal Baronius Church historian who inserted the saint into the Roman Martyrology. 9 Theuderic I King of Austrasia and Auvergne in the 6th century. 8 Sigismund King of Burgundy to whom Pelade predicted his ruin. 8 Domitian Roman emperor who persecuted John. 8 Chilperic I King of the Franks praised by Fortunatus. 8 William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy and successor to Edward on the English throne. 8 Gundobad Uncle of Clotilde, King of the Burgundians, murderer of Chilperic. 8 Hincmar of Reims Archbishop of Reims, a central figure in theological and political debates. 8 Marcianus Advisor to Emperor Valerian. 8 Honorius Western Roman Emperor who abolished the gladiatorial games after the death of Telemachus. 8 Childebert King of the Franks, historical founder of the Abbey of Saint-Aubin. 8 Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor. 8 Theodosius I Roman emperor under whose reign the narrative begins. 8 Dacian Roman governor in Spain and persecutor of Christians. 7 Arius Heretic whose doctrine denied the divinity of Christ. 7 Origen Great theologian and teacher of Gregory in Caesarea. 7 Theodoric Breton prince responsible for the massacre of Guigner and his companions. 7 Louis XIII King of France who ordered the construction of the church. 7 Theodore Eastern Roman Emperor (likely Theodosius II according to the historical context). 7 Alaric II King of the Goths who conquered Touraine. 7 Valens Roman emperor and protector of Arianism who exiled Eusebius. 7 Sigebert I King of Austrasia, husband of Brunhilda. 7 Francis I King of France mentioned during the vision of Pavia. 7 Jean-François Godescard Hagiographer and translator, primary author of the source. 7 Rictiovarus Roman prefect and persecutor of Christians in Gaul. 6 Theodora Empress regent who restored the veneration of icons in 842. 6 Justinian I Byzantine emperor under whose reign Simeon began his religious life. 6 Felix Priest tasked with carrying the relics and the pope's letter. 6 Bede the Venerable Anglo-Saxon monk and historian, primary source for the narrative. 6 Justinian Byzantine emperor who persecuted Pope Vigilius and Saint Datius. 6 Maximus Imperial usurper in Gaul. 6 Antoninus Pius Roman emperor during whose reign the martyrdom is said to have occurred. 6 Lothair I Emperor and son of Louis the Pious, sovereign of Everard in Italy. 6 Henry III Holy Roman Emperor who accompanied Bruno during his accident. 6 Suger Abbot of Saint-Denis and royal advisor present at the Lateran. 6 Theodebert King of Austrasia in whose service Romaric began his career. 6 Constantine I Roman emperor under whose reign Allyre was born. 6 Henry VIII King of England during whose reign miracles at the tomb ceased. 6 Dagobert King of the Franks, relative of Sigelaic and benefactor of Sigiran. 6 Symeon Metaphrastes Byzantine hagiographer, author of the Acts of the Saints. 6 Godescard Hagiographer and source of the text. 6 Childebert III King of Neustria who visited Évroult and endowed its abbey. 6 Flodoard Historian of the Church of Reims and hagiographical source. 6 Abbé Guillaume Canon of Nancy and historian, author of the text source. 6 Abbé Defer Author of the work 'Les Saints de Troyes', source of the biography. 6 Licinius Prefect of Évreux who persecuted Saint Taurinus before converting. 5 Theodoret of Cyrus Ecclesiastical historian and bishop, primary source for the narrative. 5 Theophilus of Alexandria Patriarch of Alexandria and opponent of John Chrysostom. 5 Fredegund Queen of the Franks, enemy of Gregory. 5 Pierre de Bérulle Cardinal and founder of the Oratory of France. 5 Radbod Bishop of Noyon in the 11th century who performed the translation of the relics. 5 Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet Preacher and bishop who delivered the funeral oration for the Oratory. 5 Antiochus Prefect of the East, a cruel judge responsible for the execution of saints. 5 James I of Aragon King of Aragon who supported and participated in the foundation of the order. 5 Heraclius Byzantine emperor who appointed John to the patriarchate. 5 Anastasius I Byzantine emperor who favored the Monophysite heresy. 5 Anthimus Brother of Cosmas and Damian, martyr with them. 5 Eudocia Wife of Theodosius II and rival of Pulcheria. 5 Henry I Sovereign cited as having appointed Gervin to the abbacy (historically contested for England in 1045). 5 Alaric King whose ministers ordered the martyrdom of Anthony. 5 Louis VI the Fat King of France, contemporary of Geoffrey. 5 Charles VII King of France reconciled with the Duke of Burgundy. 5 Otto II Holy Roman Emperor. 5 Philip Augustus King of France, founder of an abbey dedicated to the saint. 5 Theuderic II King of Burgundy, grandson of Brunhilda, admonished by Columbanus for his morals. 5 Maurice Byzantine emperor reigning at the end of Simeon's life. 5 Hildegard Queen of the Franks and wife of Charlemagne. 5 Giovanni Battista de Rossi Christian archaeologist whose work brought to light the contributions of Damasus in the catacombs. 5 Pelagius Heresiarch opposed by Jerome at the end of his life. 5 Childeric II King of Austrasia and protector of the saint. 5 Arcadius Roman emperor under whose reign Anthemius served as consul. 5 Theodosius the Younger Byzantine emperor associated with the translation of relics. 5 Theodosius Roman emperor who ordered the closure of pagan temples. 5 Dom Lubineau Hagiographer and historian of Brittany, author of the source. 5 Cesare Baronius Cardinal and Church historian who mentions the saint. 5 Richard Anglo-Saxon prince and father of Winebaud, Guillebaud, and Walburga. 5 Laurentius Surius Hagiographer and compiler of saints' lives. 5 Antoine Ricard Abbé of Marseille who provided the biographical notice. 5 Rufinus of Aquileia Ecclesiastical historian whose work serves as a source (erroneously mentioned as 'Enfin'). 5 Abbé Chapin Author of the hagiographic biography. 5 Father Cahier Jesuit and archaeologist, author of the Caractéristiques des Saints. 5 Otto III Holy Roman Emperor. 4 Montanus Founder of the Montanist heresy opposed by the saint. 4 Saracens Invaders responsible for the saint's martyrdom. 4 Gaiseric King of the Vandals and Alans, conqueror of Carthage and Rome. 4 Edgar the Peaceful King of England and father of Saint Edith. 4 Witger Father of Saint Reinelde, referred to as blessed. 4 Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy and Brabant, protector of John. 4 Bertha Wife of Æthelberht and daughter of the King of Paris, she facilitated her husband's conversion. 4 Moses Prophet representing the Old Law, appearing alongside Jesus. 4 Arnoul Brother of Tarcice and treasurer of Charlemagne. 4 Felix of Urgell Bishop of Urgell, promoter of the Adoptionist heresy. 4 Roger I of Sicily Count of Sicily who expelled the Saracens. 4 Publius Husband of Anastasia, ambassador to the King of Persia. 4 Prudentius Christian poet cited as a historical source. 4 Faustus Noble senator of Autun who welcomed the saints. 4 Cain First son of Adam and Eve, murderer of his brother. 4 Louis de Blois Author cited in the epigraph of the text. 4 Burchard Bishop of Würzburg who transferred the relics in the following century. 4 Eusebius Convert who had a church erected in memory of the martyrs. 4 Octavian Antipope supported by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 4 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Emperor and father of Itta. 4 Antoine Priest hidden near Pisa who baptized Tropez. 4 Venantius Fortunatus Poet and bishop who bore witness to the charity of Saint Airy. 4 Paul of Samosata Heresiarch condemned at the Council of Antioch. 4 Hugh Capet King of the Franks and maternal uncle of Adalberon II. 4 Simon Abbot who organized the furtive translation of the relics. 4 Lothair II King of Lotharingia whose divorce was a state affair handled by Ado. 4 Constantine V Copronymus Byzantine iconoclast emperor and the saint's principal persecutor. 4 Philip the Fair King of France who opposed the establishment of the diocese of Pamiers. 4 Photius Patriarch of Constantinople cited as a heresiarch in the text. 4 Erchinoald Son of Gertrude and mayor of the palace. 4 Jean Gerson French theologian to whom the Imitation is sometimes attributed. 4 Milon Bishop of Troyes who discovered the saint's body in 992. 4 Jean Irénée Dépéry 19th-century Bishop of Gap, restorer of the cult of the saints. 4 Theodosius the Great Roman Emperor under whom Theodulus served as prefect. 4 Dagobert II King of Austrasia in the 7th century. 4 Pulcheria Byzantine empress, wife of Marcian. 4 Robert Bellarmine Theologian and cardinal who analyzed the writings attributed to Saint Linus. 4 Fortunatus Contemporary poet and primary source for the life of Leontius. 4 Desiderius Last King of the Lombards. 4 Pepin of Herstal Duke of the Franks who had the relics transported to Cologne. 4 Tertullian Christian author cited for his critique of Roman jurisprudence. 4 Jean-Jacques Olier Founder of the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice. 4 Gordian Father of Saint Concordius, described as a man of great virtue. 4 Philip the Arab Roman emperor who maintained a correspondence with Origen. 4 Valentinian III Roman Emperor of the West who interceded for the appointment of a bishop. 4 Philip II King of Spain involved in the sack of Saint-Quentin. 4 John Cassian Abbot of Saint-Victor of Marseille, author of the Conferences. 4 Hugues Brother of Odile who interceded for her return. 4 Pharaoh Sovereign of Egypt who elevates Joseph to power. 4 Claude Priest ordained by Saint Remi, judged unworthy by Leo. 4 Ado of Vienne Author of a famous martyrology in the 9th century. 4 Charles Cahier Author of the work 'Caractéristiques des Saints'. 4 Mgr Pie Bishop of Poitiers who made a pilgrimage in 1851. 4 Dom Calmet Scholar and historian cited for his description of relics. 4 Dom Ruinart Benedictine hagiographer, editor of the Acts of the Saints. 4 Aetius Roman general who relieved Orléans from the Huns. 4 Dom Piolin Author of the History of the Church of Le Mans. 4 Abbé Auber Author of the work on the saints of Poitiers. 4 Jacques-Paul Migne Publisher of the Patrologia Latina. 4 Sigebert II King of France mentioned for historical context. 4 Merovech King of the Franks who besieged Paris. 4 Clotaire King whose son was resurrected by Saint Flavit. 4 Rev. Fr. Carles Author of the biographical notice. 4 Marie de' Medici Queen of France who supported the foundation. 4 Abbé Salvan Author of the History of the Church of Toulouse. 4 Michel-Ange Marin Author of a work on the Desert Fathers. 4 Abbé Corblet Author of the Hagiographie du diocèse d'Amiens. 4 Jesus Christ Central figure of whom Isaac is considered the type or prefiguration. 3 Flaccus Roman patrician and persecutor. 3 Theophilus Byzantine iconoclast emperor, responsible for the torture of verses carved onto the faces of saints. 3 Theodoric II King of Burgundy, grandson of Brunhilda. 3 Galerius Maximianus Roman emperor and persecutor of Christians. 3 Arbogast Governor of the city of Trier. 3 Leo V the Armenian Byzantine iconoclast emperor who initiated the persecution against images. 3 Charles the Fat Emperor of the West and husband of Saint Richardis. 3 Chrocus Leader of the Vandals and persecutor of saints. 3 Urban Father of Saint Christina and prefect of Tyre, her first persecutor. 3 Agricola Praetorian prefect and governor of Mauretania. 3 Henry V Holy Roman Emperor, opponent in the Investiture Controversy. 3 Joan of Constantinople Countess of Flanders and Hainaut, protector of the order. 3 Henry II of England King of England who brought Hugh to found Witham. 3 Justin Successor of Bassus, a violent governor who ordered the execution of the martyrs. 3 Rabanus Maurus Abbot of Fulda and Archbishop of Mainz, builder of the church of Wigbert. 3 Hatta First abbot of Saint-Vaast. 3 Solomon King of Israel whose infidelity caused the schism of the tribes. 3 Eugène de Mazenod Founder of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate and Bishop of Marseille. 3 Severus Slave of Apollonius who denounced him as a Christian. 3 Septimius Severus Roman emperor under whose reign Clement was ordained a priest and persecuted. 3 Manasses I Bishop of Troyes in the 10th century, reformer and founder. 3 Paulinus Roman magistrate who had the two saints tortured. 3 Irene Daughter of Saint Spyridon. 3 Stephen Roman governor of the province, fiancé of Valeria, converted after his crime. 3 Peter Abelard Celebrated theologian whom Peter the Venerable caused to retract. 3 Constans I Roman Emperor of the West, protector of Saint Paul. 3 Priscus Influential citizen of Chartres who protected the cult of the Virgin. 3 Vandals Barbarian people responsible for the saint's martyrdom. 3 Philip II of Spain King of Spain who ordered the distribution of relics. 3 Liutprand King of the Lombards in Italy. 3 Quirinus Prefect who ordered the arrest and torture of Tryphon. 3 John III of Portugal King of Portugal who ordered the renaming of Mylapore. 3 Grallon Prince of Cornouaille and protector of Saint Corentin. 3 Sigebert King of East Anglia converted by Felix during his exile in France. 3 Florent Author of the ancient biography of Rusticula. 3 Louis VII King of France to whom Hugh and Saint Bernard wrote for peace. 3 Henry the Fowler Father of Saint Bruno and King of East Francia. 3 Hilduin Brother of Manasses, converted after a dissolute life. 3 Symmachus Prefect of Rome and defender of paganism. 3 Alexander Severus Roman emperor under whom Pontian began his pontificate and was exiled. 3 Claudius II Gothicus Roman emperor, relative of Mustiola. 3 Normans Invaders responsible for the saint's death. 3 René II, Duke of Lorraine Duke of Lorraine and protector of Hugues des Hazards. 3 Widukind Leader of the Saxons and persecutor of Christians. 3 Charles II of Anjou King of Naples and Count of Provence who organized Delphine's marriage. 3 Florus Prefect of Illyria who judged Anastasia. 3 Matilda of Tuscany Influential countess who aided in the reconciliation at Canossa. 3 Constantine Roman emperor who brought peace to the Church. 3 Aistulf King of the Lombards in conflict with the papacy. 3 Thomas à Kempis Spiritual author and Augustinian monk, famous for The Imitation of Christ. 3 Cnut the Great King of England during whose reign the relics were moved. 3 Richard II of Normandy Duke of Normandy, benefactor of the Monastery of Sinai. 3 Dodon Father of Saint Lugle and Saint Luglien. 3 Valentinus Gnostic heresiarch refuted by Irenaeus. 3 Eustace Treasurer to the emperor and recipient of a miracle. 3 Joseph Fesch Archbishop of Lyon and uncle of Napoleon, protector of Rauzan. 3 Aristotle Greek philosopher whose doctrine was taught by Anatole. 3 Louis of Granada Spiritual author cited as a source for further study on the subject. 3 Antoninus Roman emperor under whose reign the martyrdom is situated. 3 Berengar of Tours Theologian whose Eucharistic doctrines were opposed by Bruno. 3 Leo I Byzantine emperor and protector of Daniel. 3 Agapitus Eldest son of Saint Eustace. 3 Phocas Byzantine emperor who granted the Pantheon to the Pope. 3 Louis the Fat King of France, relative by marriage of Callixtus II. 3 Frederick I Barbarossa Holy Roman Emperor with whom she corresponded. 3 Dom Guéranger Abbot of Solesmes, author of an influential memoir on the mystery. 3 Eutropius Elder brother of Maura, who became provost of the chapter of Troyes. 3 Faustus of Riez Bishop and author of the dogmatic letter of the Council of Arles. 3 Napoleon I Emperor of the French whose decisions affected the society of Rauzan. 3 Lothair King of Italy and first husband of Adelaide. 3 Flavius Josephus Jewish historian who described the death of Herod. 3 Theodebert I King of Austrasia, son of Theuderic I. 3 Conrad II the Salic German emperor who attempted to invade Hungary. 3 Leontius Brother of Cosmas and Damian, martyred with them. 3 John of Berry Son of King John, donor of the reliquary of the hand of Saint Thomas at Saint-Denis. 3 John the Deacon Host of Simeon at Emesa and the saint's first biographer. 3 Bérenger Uncle of Ismidon who sent him to study in Valence. 3 Abbé Sabatier Author of the biographical source. 3 Alexandre Devie 19th-century Bishop of Belley who restored the cult. 3 Gabriel Archangel bearer of the divine ring. 3 Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon whose tyranny drove the Jews into exile. 3 Simon Magus Adversary of the apostles mentioned in the writings attributed to Linus. 3 Constantius Roman emperor during whose reign Domitian was born. 3 Lambert Servant of Bertolf and one of the assassins. 3 Usuard Author of a martyrology mentioning the saint. 3 Sigebert of Gembloux Medieval chronicler who recorded the translation of relics to Metz. 3 Gratian Roman Emperor of the West, protector of Ambrose. 3 Abbo Goldsmith and master of the mint at Limoges, master of Eligius. 3 Jean-Baptiste Godescard French hagiographer and translator of Alban Butler. 3 Alaric I King of the Visigoths who sacked Rome. 3 Louis the Pious Son of Charlemagne, whose accession to the throne was predicted by Alcuin. 3 Muhammad Prophet of Islam, mentioned in the false accusation of apostasy. 3 Gamaliel Doctor of the Law who had the body of Stephen buried. 3 Gilles of Reims Archbishop of Reims who welcomed Basle. 3 Maximinus Persecuting emperor. 3 Rollo First Duke of Normandy. 3 Cardinal Fesch Archbishop of Lyon who confirmed Jean-Marie Vianney. 3 Rohrbacher Hagiographer cited as a source. 3 Abbé Hunckler Author of the original biography. 3 Baron des Adrets Warlord whose siege of Apt caused the spoliation of the reliquary. 3 Symeon Metaphrastes Byzantine hagiographer, primary source of the narrative. 3 Michelangelo Famous artist who depicted Jeremiah. 3 Dom Rivet Author of the Histoire littéraire de la France. 3 Daniel Papebroch Bollandist hagiographer criticized for confusing two saints named Clair. 3 Sozomen Church historian cited for the distinction between Malchus and Malachian. 3 Ravenger Bishop of Thérouanne, immediate predecessor of Erkembode. 3 Jean Bolland Hagiographer cited as a source. 3 Molanus Hagiographer cited for his ignorance of the saint's history. 3 Thierry Ruinart Hagiographer who published the Acts of the saint. 3 Zeno Roman senator and father of Saint Quentin. 3 Denis the Carthusian Carthusian monk, mystical writer, and prolific theologian of the 15th century. 2 Sister Mary of St. Peter Carmelite of Tours, initiator of the devotion to the Holy Face. 2 Ahab King of Israel marked by idolatry and impiety. 2 Drahomira Mother of Wenceslaus and Boleslaus, instigator of the murders. 2 Huneric King of the Vandals, son of Gaiseric, persecutor of Catholics. 2 Sapor King of Persia and persecutor of Christians. 2 Alexander Gentleman from Syria and founder of the Order of the Acoemetae. 2 Henry III of England King of England who opposed the election of Richard. 2 Cornelius Actor from Damascus whose charity equals the holiness of Theodulus. 2 Paul of Arezzo Disciple of John Marinoni and member of the congregation. 2 Ethelbert King of the Angles converted by Augustine. 2 Godfrey of Bouillon Principal leader of the First Crusade. 2 Shapur II King of Persia who ordered the persecution of Christians. 2 Khosrow II King of the Sassanid Persians who sacked Jerusalem. 2 Herod the Great King of Judea who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents. 2 Constans II Byzantine emperor, promoter of the Monothelite heresy and persecutor of the Church. 2 Béla IV King of Hungary who welcomed Humbert. 2 Marie de l'Incarnation Ursuline mystic and founder in Canada. 2 Peter the Venerable Abbot of Cluny and a major figure of the Church in the 12th century. 2 Azote Moorish prince of Valencia, initially a persecutor who later converted to Christianity. 2 Marcion Famous heretic against whom Theophilus wrote a book. 2 Agobard Bishop of Lyon in the 9th century who praised Viventiolus. 2 Pepin of Landen Mayor of the palace and brother-in-law of Modoald. 2 Sylvain Abbot of the monastery of Tours who welcomed Venantius. 2 Evrard Duke of Italy who became a hermit and shepherd in Haute-Marne. 2 Calvinists Religious group that looted the reliquary and scattered the remains in the 16th century. 2 Egfrid King of Northumbria and persecutor of Wilfrid. 2 Saul First king of Israel and persecutor of David. 2 Thrasamund Vandal king and successor to Gunthamund, who exiled Eugenius to Albi. 2 Pierre Fourier Founder of the Congregation of Our Savior. 2 Ponce de Balmey Bishop of Belley and founder of the Charterhouse of Meyria. 2 Julian Third prefect and final persecutor of Saint Christina. 2 Marin Father of Saint Mathurin, initially a persecutor of Christians. 2 Priscillian Nephew of Serenus, healed of blindness by Sabinus. 2 Eugene Pagan nobleman, fiancé of Victoria and responsible for her captivity. 2 Peter the Hermit Preacher of the First Crusade and founder of an abbey. 2 Blanche of Castile Mother of Saint Isabelle and Saint Louis, regent of France. 2 Sister Rosalie Daughter of Charity famous for her social work in Paris in the 19th century. 2 Chromatius Landowner punished and subsequently healed by the saint. 2 Saprice Governor of Armenia and Cappadocia under Diocletian. 2 Wibert Father of Saint Hiltrude, a noble lord originally from Poitiers. 2 Lanfranc Master of Anselm at Bec and his predecessor at Canterbury. 2 Robert of Naples King of Naples and protector of Elzéar. 2 Paschasius Archbishop of Vienne who ordained Maximus as a priest. 2 Bolesław Duke of Poland who ransomed the bodies of the martyrs. 2 Crispin Roman governor who ordered the arrest of Ferréol. 2 Ethelred the Unready King whose reign's misfortunes were prophesied by Dunstan. 2 Agnes of Jesus Dominican nun of Langeac who prayed for the conversion of Olier. 2 Nominoë Governor of Brittany and initial protector of the abbey. 2 Huns Invading people responsible for the capture of Livaire. 2 Galerius Roman emperor during the saint's lifetime. 2 Theodomir Traveling companion of Saint Vigor. 2 Amadeus III, Count of Savoy Count of Savoy and protector of Saint Arthaud. 2 Anna Wife of Tobit and mother of Tobias the younger. 2 Constantius Chlorus Roman general, Caesar, then emperor, husband of Saint Helena. 2 Conrad the Salic Holy Roman Emperor and close relative of Bruno. 2 Commodus Roman emperor who succeeded Marcus Aurelius in 180. 2 Anna King of the East Angles and father of Æthelthryth. 2 Eberhard Friend of Bennon present at his death. 2 Thomas of Cantimpré Hagiographer contemporary to the saint and author of her biography. 2 Crocus King of the Alamanni who invaded Gaul. 2 Alvise Abbot of Anchin and later Bishop of Arras, mentor to Goswin. 2 Cardinal de Sourdis Archbishop of Bordeaux who approved the Institute. 2 Eutychia Mother of Saint Lucy, miraculously healed at the tomb of Saint Agatha. 2 Émile Count of Laon and husband of Saint Céline. 2 Odoacer Barbarian leader and first King of Italy after the fall of the Empire. 2 Constantine VI Byzantine emperor whose divorce caused a conflict with Plato. 2 Frederick of Ferrette Count who requested the dispatch of monks to Altkirch. 2 Justus Prefect of Palestine who had Procopius tortured. 2 Margaret of Provence Wife of Saint Louis, Queen of France. 2 Cleopas Father of James the Less according to philological identification. 2 Jacques Colonna Brother of Marguerite, priest and later cardinal, who served as her spiritual guide. 2 Thibault A plowman from Lorraine who welcomed the saint and made her his heir. 2 Gisle Wife of Saint Evrard. 2 Numerian Brother of Saint Germanus. 2 Sæberht King of the East Saxons converted by Æthelberht. 2 Elipandus of Toledo Archbishop of Toledo, principal defender of Adoptionism. 2 Ansoald Bishop of Poitiers and friend of Saint Philibert. 2 Aemilianus Father of Saint Cletus. 2 Don Sancho Son of the King of Aragon, disciple of Peter Paschal, and Archbishop of Toledo. 2 Gian Lorenzo Bernini Sculptor of the statue of Saint Bibiana. 2 William the Pious Duke of Aquitaine and founder of Cluny. 2 Sigebert III King of Austrasia whose tutor and guide was Cunibert. 2 Thierry of Alsace Count of Flanders and political ally of Milon. 2 Albina Mother of Saint Melania the Younger. 2 Sebastian Roman governor who ordered the execution of Saint Firmin. 2 Gédon Bishop of Langres who discovered and translated the relics in 882. 2 Lucius Judge sent by Maximian to condemn Venustian and Sabinus. 2 Badefroy Noble lord at the court of Dagobert II and husband of Framechilde. 2 John III Sobieski King of Poland and liberator of Vienna during the siege of 1683. 2 Conomor Usurper and murderer, antagonist of the saint. 2 Evodius Senator who became a priest and offended Saint Gall. 2 Adam Friend of Geoffroy, imprisoned by Guermond de Picquigny. 2 Abel Second son of Adam and Eve, killed by Cain. 2 Evaric King of the Visigoths who persecuted Catholics. 2 Zedekiah King of Judah whose minister saved Jeremiah from the cistern. 2 Irene of Athens Byzantine empress who restored the veneration of icons. 2 Augustus Caesar Roman emperor who ordered the universal census. 2 Ferdinand I Christian king who welcomed Casilda during her journey to Burgos. 2 Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine Duke of Lorraine and father-in-law of the saint. 2 Donatus Priest who instructed Eulalia in the faith. 2 Proculus A priest who persecuted Quintianus in Clermont. 2 Theodoric I King of the Visigoths who besieged Saintes. 2 Ladislaus of Naples King who initially persecuted Angeline before recognizing her innocence. 2 Josiah King of Judah during whose reign Jeremiah began to prophesy. 2 Gerard II Bishop of Arras and Cambrai who ordered the exhumation of the remains in 1081. 2 Orderic Vital Medieval chronicler, primary source for the life of Maurilius. 2 Alfonso V of Aragon Sovereign in whose service Jacques enlisted as a soldier. 2 Justina Arian empress and primary opponent of Ambrose. 2 Victor Successor of Saint Liborius to the see of Le Mans. 2 Jacques d'Arc Father of Joan of Arc. 2 John of Antioch Son of Saint Publia, an influential priest in Antioch. 2 Peter Lay founder of the first church on the hill of La Garde. 2 Liuvigild Visigothic King of Spain. 2 Margaret of Austria Queen of Spain, mother of Philip IV, who wished to meet the saint. 2 Paschal Antipope or rival claimant who opposed the election of Sergius. 2 Senard Person who performed the burial rites for Saint Germain. 2 Richard I of England Successor to Henry II, often in conflict with Hugh. 2 Drogo of Metz Bishop of Metz who oversaw the exhumation and translation in 830. 2 Ferdinand II of Aragon King of Aragon and instigator of the reorganization of the Inquisition. 2 Amalaric King of the Visigoths defeated by Childebert. 2 Leo the Armenian Byzantine emperor under whom James served as a soldier. 2 David I of Scotland King of Scotland who introduced the Order of Tiron to his country. 2 Gallus Roman emperor who exiled Lucius. 2 Saturninus of Arles Arian Archbishop of Arles who had Ursicinus condemned. 2 Isabelle Romée Mother of Joan of Arc. 2 Martin Luther Initiator of the Protestant Reformation and primary ideological adversary of Canisius. 2 Nominoe Breton sovereign who ordered the translation of relics to Lébon-sur-Itance. 2 Gottschalk Monk whose theses on predestination provoked a doctrinal crisis. 2 Count of Montgomery Leader of the Protestant troops who burned the relics in 1569. 2 Maximinus Daia Roman emperor and persecutor. 2 Nebuchadnezzar II King of Babylon who besieged Jerusalem. 2 Eusebius of Nicomedia Arian bishop and primary instigator of the conspiracy against Eustathius. 2 Isabella the Catholic Queen of Castile, wife of Ferdinand. 2 Theodahad King of the Goths who compelled the Pope to undertake a diplomatic mission. 2 Anacletus II Antipope whose supporters captured Alvise. 2 Asterius Roman prefect in Marseille who judged Victor. 2 Haymon Duke or Count of Ponthieu and protector of Saint Josse. 2 Charles VIII King of France, husband of Anne of Brittany. 2 Barnabas Companion of the apostles and of Judas Barsabbas. 2 Frederick III Holy Roman Emperor who visited the sanctuary in 1473. 2 Madalgaire Bishop of Laon who ordained Ermin to the priesthood. 2 Philip III of Spain King of Spain and Portugal. 2 Arsacius Intruder bishop imposed after the exile of John Chrysostom. 2 Clodomir King of Orléans, son of Clovis, warned by Saint Avitus. 2 Valentinian I Roman emperor marking the temporal context of the episcopate. 2 Benoît Father of Saint Romanus and advisor to King Chlothar I. 2 Erispoe Successor of Nominoe and cousin of Salomon, assassinated by the latter. 2 Euric King of the Visigoths, persecutor of Catholics and Sidonius. 2 Louis VII the Younger King of France mediated by Peter. 2 Eve Mother of Abel and Cain. 2 Albert of Bavaria Noble who besieged Delft in 1359, confirming Gertrude's prophecy. 2 Fulk of Reims Bishop of Reims during the translation of the relics. 2 Philip Father of Eugenia, Augustal Prefect of Egypt, convert and martyr. 2 Guerech Duke in Brittany who donated lands to Nennoke. 2 Tatian Christian author who became a heretic, founder of Encratism. 2 John III, Duke of Brittany Duke of Brittany whose death triggered the War of the Breton Succession. 2 Alberic A young nobleman from Beauvais martyred during the same crusade. 2 Odo Bishop who performed a new elevation of the body in 1112. 2 Anatolius of Constantinople Bishop of Constantinople reconciled by Abundius. 2 Ebbo of Reims Archbishop of Reims deposed for his treason against Louis the Pious. 2 Alfred the Great King of England who invited Grimbald to restore science and religion. 2 Godfrey the Bearded Count of Brabant and protector of Saint Wivine. 2 Conrad German sinner miraculously delivered from his chains at the saint's tomb. 2 Decius Roman emperor who initiated a rigorous persecution of Christians. 2 Fulbert of Chartres Bishop of Chartres, a friend of Gilbert who was present at his deathbed. 2 Justinian II Byzantine emperor who attempted to impose the canons of the Council in Trullo. 2 Guigo I Fifth prior of the Grande Chartreuse and original biographer of the saint. 2 Jonas of Bobbio Monk and biographer of Saint Bertulf. 2 Nicetas Patrician and prefect of Alexandria, close to the saint. 2 Germanus Relative and travel companion of Cassian in Egypt and Rome. 2 Agathon Christian arrested with the three sisters. 2 Constantine Copronymus Byzantine iconoclast emperor and persecutor. 2 Tiberius Roman emperor healed by the Holy Face brought by Veronica. 2 Jean Branche Hagiographer and author of the Lives of the Saints of Auvergne. 2 Pibon Bishop of Toul under whom the body was recovered. 2 Charles I of Anjou Count of Maine who had conflicts with Bishop Geoffroy. 2 Jeroboam II King of Israel, contemporary of the prophet Amos. 2 Pappolus Bishop of Chartres who opposed the claims of Prometus. 2 Lupus of Ferrières Abbot and scholar, collaborator of Prudentius on monastic reform. 2 Guy Predecessor of Eunuce on the see of Noyon. 2 Back to themes